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在前端开发中,经常会用到对输入情况的检测,此时使用 JavaScript 技术更为简单方便,针对常用按键事件、鼠标事件、键盘键码及应用做个简单的汇总。
按键事件
键盘事件,在 base
、bdo
、br
、frame
、frameset
、head
、html
、iframe
、meta
、param
、script
、style
、title
元素里都无效。
常见事件
- onkeydown:按下键盘按键时
- onkeypress:按下或按住键盘按键时
- onkeyup:放开键盘按键时
- onclick:鼠标点击一个对象时
- ondblclick:鼠标双击一个对象时
- onmousedown:鼠标被按下时
- onmousemove:鼠标被移动时
- onmouseout:鼠标离开元素时
- onmouseover:鼠标经过元素时
- onmouseup:释放鼠标按键时
使用范例
<script type="text/javascript">
$(document).ready(function(){
$(document).mousemove(function(e){
$("#mouse span").text("X坐标:"+e.pageX + ", Y坐标:" + e.pageY);
});
});
</script>
<p id="mouse">鼠标当前坐标为: <span></span></p>
鼠标键值
常用键值
- event.button=0:默认,没有按任何按钮。
- event.button=1:鼠标左键
- event.button=2:鼠标右键
- event.button=3:鼠标左右键同时按下
- event.button=4:鼠标中键
- event.button=5:鼠标左键和中键同时按下
- event.button=6:鼠标右键和中键同时按下
- event.button=7:所有三个键都按下
使用范例
<script>
var whichButton = function (e) {
// 处理不同的事件模型
var e = e || window.event;
var btnCode;
if ('object' === typeof e) {
btnCode = e.button;
switch (btnCode) {
case 0:
alert('你按了左键.');
break;
case 1:
alert('你按了中键.');
break;
case 2:
alert('你按了右键.');
break;
default:
alert('未知按键: ' + btnCode);
}
}
}
</script>
<button onmouseup="whichButton(event);" oncontextmenu="event.preventDefault();">请点击鼠标...</button>
键盘键码
常用键码
keycode 8 = BackSpace BackSpace
keycode 9 = Tab Tab
keycode 12 = Clear
keycode 13 = Enter
keycode 16 = Shift_L
keycode 17 = Control_L
keycode 18 = Alt_L
keycode 19 = Pause
keycode 20 = Caps_Lock
keycode 27 = Escape Escape
keycode 32 = space space
keycode 33 = Prior
keycode 34 = Next
keycode 35 = End
keycode 36 = Home
keycode 37 = Left
keycode 38 = Up
keycode 39 = Right
keycode 40 = Down
keycode 41 = Select
keycode 42 = Print
keycode 43 = Execute
keycode 45 = Insert
keycode 46 = Delete
keycode 47 = Help
keycode 48 = 0 equal braceright
keycode 49 = 1 exclam onesuperior
keycode 50 = 2 quotedbl twosuperior
keycode 51 = 3 section threesuperior
keycode 52 = 4 dollar
keycode 53 = 5 percent
keycode 54 = 6 ampersand
keycode 55 = 7 slash braceleft
keycode 56 = 8 parenleft bracketleft
keycode 57 = 9 parenright bracketright
keycode 65 = a A
keycode 66 = b B
keycode 67 = c C
keycode 68 = d D
keycode 69 = e E EuroSign
keycode 70 = f F
keycode 71 = g G
keycode 72 = h H
keycode 73 = i I
keycode 74 = j J
keycode 75 = k K
keycode 76 = l L
keycode 77 = m M mu
keycode 78 = n N
keycode 79 = o O
keycode 80 = p P
keycode 81 = q Q at
keycode 82 = r R
keycode 83 = s S
keycode 84 = t T
keycode 85 = u U
keycode 86 = v V
keycode 87 = w W
keycode 88 = x X
keycode 89 = y Y
keycode 90 = z Z
keycode 96 = KP_0 KP_0
keycode 97 = KP_1 KP_1
keycode 98 = KP_2 KP_2
keycode 99 = KP_3 KP_3
keycode 100 = KP_4 KP_4
keycode 101 = KP_5 KP_5
keycode 102 = KP_6 KP_6
keycode 103 = KP_7 KP_7
keycode 104 = KP_8 KP_8
keycode 105 = KP_9 KP_9
keycode 106 = KP_Multiply KP_Multiply
keycode 107 = KP_Add KP_Add
keycode 108 = KP_Separator KP_Separator
keycode 109 = KP_Subtract KP_Subtract
keycode 110 = KP_Decimal KP_Decimal
keycode 111 = KP_Divide KP_Divide
keycode 112 = F1
keycode 113 = F2
keycode 114 = F3
keycode 115 = F4
keycode 116 = F5
keycode 117 = F6
keycode 118 = F7
keycode 119 = F8
keycode 120 = F9
keycode 121 = F10
keycode 122 = F11
keycode 123 = F12
keycode 124 = F13
keycode 125 = F14
keycode 126 = F15
keycode 127 = F16
keycode 128 = F17
keycode 129 = F18
keycode 130 = F19
keycode 131 = F20
keycode 132 = F21
keycode 133 = F22
keycode 134 = F23
keycode 135 = F24
keycode 136 = Num_Lock
keycode 137 = Scroll_Lock
keycode 187 = acute grave
keycode 188 = comma semicolon
keycode 189 = minus underscore
keycode 190 = period colon
keycode 192 = numbersign apostrophe
keycode 210 = plusminus hyphen macron
keycode 211 =
keycode 212 = copyright registered
keycode 213 = guillemotleft guillemotright
keycode 214 = masculine ordfeminine
keycode 215 = ae AE
keycode 216 = cent yen
keycode 217 = questiondown exclamdown
keycode 218 = onequarter onehalf threequarters
keycode 220 = less greater bar
keycode 221 = plus asterisk asciitilde
keycode 227 = multiply division
keycode 228 = acircumflex Acircumflex
keycode 229 = ecircumflex Ecircumflex
keycode 230 = icircumflex Icircumflex
keycode 231 = ocircumflex Ocircumflex
keycode 232 = ucircumflex Ucircumflex
keycode 233 = ntilde Ntilde
keycode 234 = yacute Yacute
keycode 235 = oslash Ooblique
keycode 236 = aring Aring
keycode 237 = ccedilla Ccedilla
keycode 238 = thorn THORN
keycode 239 = eth ETH
keycode 240 = diaeresis cedilla currency
keycode 241 = agrave Agrave atilde Atilde
keycode 242 = egrave Egrave
keycode 243 = igrave Igrave
keycode 244 = ograve Ograve otilde Otilde
keycode 245 = ugrave Ugrave
keycode 246 = adiaeresis Adiaeresis
keycode 247 = ediaeresis Ediaeresis
keycode 248 = idiaeresis Idiaeresis
keycode 249 = odiaeresis Odiaeresis
keycode 250 = udiaeresis Udiaeresis
keycode 251 = ssharp question backslash
keycode 252 = asciicircum degree
keycode 253 = 3 sterling
keycode 254 = Mode_switch
使用 event.ctrlKey
,event.shiftKey
,event .altKey
判断是否按下了 ctrl
键、shift
键以及alt
键。
使用范例
<script>
//屏蔽鼠标右键
function document.oncontextmenu() {
event.returnValue = false;
}
//屏蔽F1帮助
function window.onhelp() {
return false
}
function document.onkeydown() {
//屏蔽 Alt + ← 方向键 和 屏蔽 Alt + → 方向键
//注:这还不是真正地屏蔽 Alt + 方向键,因为Alt + 方向键弹出警告框时,按住Alt键不放,用鼠标点掉警告框,这种屏蔽方法就失效了
if ((window.event.altKey) && ((window.event.keyCode == 37) || (window.event.keyCode==39))){
alert("不准你使用ALT+方向键前进或后退网页!");
event.returnValue = false;
}
//屏蔽退格删除键、F5 刷新键、Ctrl + R
if ((event.keyCode == 8) || (event.keyCode == 116) || (event.ctrlKey && event.keyCode == 82)) {
event.keyCode = 0;
event.returnValue = false;
}
//屏蔽 F11
if (event.keyCode == 122) {
event.keyCode = 0;
event.returnValue = false;
}
//屏蔽 Ctrl + N
if (event.ctrlKey && event.keyCode == 78) {
event.returnValue = false;
}
//屏蔽 shift + F10
if (event.shiftKey && event.keyCode == 121) {
event.returnValue = false;
}
//屏蔽 shift 加鼠标左键新开一网页
if (window.event.srcElement.tagName == "A " && window.event.shiftKey) {
window.event.returnValue = false;
}
//屏蔽 Alt + F4
if ((window.event.altKey) && (window.event.keyCode == 115)) {
window.showModelessDialog("about:blank ", " ", "dialogWidth:1px;dialogheight:1px ");
return false;
}
}
</script>